Non verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication includes the overall body language of the person who is speaking, which will include the body posture, the hand gestures, and overall body movements. The facial expressions also play a major role while communication since the expressions on a person’s face say a lot about his/her mood. On the other hand gestures like a handshake, a smile or a hug can convey emotions. Non verbal communication can also be in the form of pictorial representations, signboards, or even photographs, sketches and paintings.

 Verbal Communication
When words are used as tools of interaction between two or more individuals, it is known as verbal communication. It can be oral or written, in which information will be given directly either face to face or through other media like telephone, internet etc.Researchers have found that, on an average, a person spends 10 to 11 hours everyday in verbal communication i.e. speaking, listening, reading or writing. Some common forms of verbal communication are conversations, speeches, letters, newspapers, magazines, cassettes both audio and video, telephonic conversation etc.Verbal communication is further divided into written and oral communication. The oral communication refers to the spoken words in the communication process. Oral communication can either be face-to-face communication or a conversation over the phone or on the voice chat over the Internet. Spoken conversations or dialogues are influenced by voice modulation, pitch, volume and even the speed and clarity of speaking.

Oral communication
Merits:

• It is a money and time saving device
• As there is an element of personal touch, it is more effective
• Doubts can be clarified on the spot and can be understood easily
• Important points may be emphasized through action
• Effect of communication can be measured easily
• It provides greater flexibility

Limitations:

• It is not possible when the clients are far away
• It is not suitable for lengthy communication
• There is no permanent record of communication
• Sometimes oral communication may not be taken seriously by the receiver
• If it lacks in expression, oral communication likely to be misunderstood and misinterpreted.

Written Communication:
The written communication refers to communication by means of be either via snail mail, or writing email. The effectiveness of written communication depends on the style of writing, vocabulary used, grammar, clarity and precision of language.
Merits:

• It is suitable for lengthy communications
• It can be reached to any distance
• A permanent record can be maintained
• Chances for missing out information are comparatively less
• It can be referred any time

Limitations:

• It is costly
• It is Time consuming
• There is no immediate feedback
• It is not as effective as Oral Communication
• It is difficult to manage file, papers & records.
• It needs trained & skilled people for effective & proper drafting.

Non-Verbal Communication
Communication can also occur without words. Our senses- ears, eyes, touch and smell work as codes of communication. Here are some examples

• When the alarm clock rings in the morning, it communicates to you the message that it is time to wake up.
• You look out of the window, your eyes tell you about the weather outside.
• When you hold your cup of tea in your hands, the touch tells you whether the tea is warm or not.
• The smell tells you what is cooking for breakfast.
• Pictures, images, models, gestures are also nonverbal means of communication.
• A simple nod of head can convey your ‘yes’ or ‘no’.
• Eyes can transmit feelings like love, hate, anger, sorrow etc.
• Artists use their art as a means of communication. A painting is a painter’s medium,
• A photograph is a photographer’s and dance performance is a dancer’s non-verbal medium of communication.
• Silent thinking is also non-verbal interaction with oneself.
• Communication between man and animal is mostly non-verbal. A dog wags his tail and licks his master’s hand; a cat cuddles up to its master to show their love.

Non verbal communication between man and his environment is constantly happening but, we do not notice it. In the summer season, the hot sun and the warm wind makes you uncomfortable.  Whereas a sky overcast with clouds transmits a mood of joy. This is communication between you and your environment in a non-verbal way.
It is unstructured and spontaneous. It provides information consciously or unconsciously. It regulates the flow of conversations.

Non verbal Communication
Nonverbal communication, or body language, is a vital form of communication. When we interact with others, we continuously give and receive countless wordless signals. All of our nonverbal behaviors—the gestures we make, the way we sit, how fast or how loud we talk, how close we stand, how much eye contact we make—send strong messages.
The way you listen, look, move, and react tell the other person whether or not you care and how well you’re listening. The nonverbal signals you send either produce a sense of interest, trust, and desire for connection—or they generate disinterest, distrust, and confusion.

Body Language:
The study of body language is known as Kinesics, which   means body movements which communicate without the   use of words. The way a person sits, stands or holds his /her head reflects a lot about the person. The body responds to situations guided by feelings and thought process. The way one moves and carries oneself communicates a lot of information.
It is both conscious and unconscious effort through which truth can never be hidden. That means sometimes words say yes but if closely observed the body position shows that the answer is no this type of non verbal communication includes posture, and subtle movement like shrugs, nods, stiffning of body

Facial expression:
Facial expressions show anger, fear, sadness, joy and disgust. Thus, if you smile frequently you will be perceived as more likable, friendly, warm and approachable. Where as if you are frowning people will keep away from you. The human face is extremely expressive, able to express countless emotions without saying a word. Unlike some forms of non-verbal communication, facial expressions for happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, fear and disgust are the same across cultures.

• Face is the index or the mirror of the mind. It conveys whatever we feel deep inside.
• It is important to control our feeling so that we do not express what we do not want to express
• Constant practice can help one to control the feeling

Eye contact:
Eye contact can indicate interest, attention, and involvement. the, eye contact of a speaker with  audiences increases the speaker’s credibility. Eye contact is a very important factor in face-to-face communication. Our eyes adopt different positions and shapes in different situations.We have smiling eyes, starring eyes, fixed eyes,   evasive eyes and so on which shows different feelings like anger, fear, nervousness, embracement, etc. eye contact is also important in maintaining the flow of conversation and for gauging the other persons response.

Non verbal Communication

• Gesture
• Touch
• Space
• voice
• Body and posture

Gesture
A gesture is a non-vocal bodily movement intended to express meaning. Gestures are made with the hands, arms or body, and also include movements of the head, face and eyes, such as winking, nodding, or rolling one’s eyes. The boundary between language and gesture, or verbal and nonverbal communication, can be hard to identify. It is natural to use gestures while speaking if you fail to gesture while speaking, you may be perceived as boring, and stiff. Some examples of gestures

• movement of legs, hands, arms and head are called gestures.
• g. pounding the fist on table shows anger, fiddling with your hands shows nervousness, etc.

Touch
We communicate a great deal through touch. Think about the messages given by the following: a firm handshake, a timid tap on the shoulder, a warm bear hug, a reassuring pat on the back, a patronizing pat on the head, or a controlling grip on your arm.

Space
Have you ever felt uncomfortable during a conversation because the other person was standing too close and invading your space? We all have a need for physical space, although that need differs depending on the culture, the situation, and the closeness of the relationship. You can use physical space to communicate many different nonverbal messages, including signals of intimacy, aggression, dominance, or affection.

Voice
We communicate with our voices, even when we are not using words. Nonverbal speech sounds such as tone, pitch, volume, inflection, rhythm, and rate are important communication elements. When we speak, other people “read” our voices in addition to listening to our words. These nonverbal speech sounds provide subtle but powerful clues into our true feelings and what we really mean. Think about how tone of voice, for example, can indicate sarcasm, anger, affection, or confidence.

Body-shape & Posture:
Your posture–including the pose, stance and bearing of the way you sit, slouch, stand, lean, bend, hold and move your body affects the way people perceive you. The body position and posture affects the way we think about ourselves how we relate to others and how others relate to us. No matter what our body-shape is, we should try to make the best possible impression by trying to be  graceful and confident instead of being unnecessarily a show-off or appearing unduly self-conscious and this comes through a regular practice.