Disability Bill

  1. The Lok Sabha passed “The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Bill – 2016“.
  2. The Bill replaced the PwD Act, 1995, which was enacted 21 years back. The Rajya Sabha has already passed the Bill on 14.12.2016.

The salient features of the Bill are:                                  

  • Disability has been defined based on an evolving and dynamic concept.
  • The types of disabilities have been increased from existing 7 to 21 and the Central Government will have the power to add more types of disabilities.

The 21 disabilities are given below:-

  1. Blindness
  2. Low-vision
  3. Leprosy Cured persons
  4. Hearing Impairment (deaf and hard of hearing)
  5. Locomotor Disability
  6. Dwarfism
  7. Intellectual Disability
  8. Mental Illness
  9. Autism Spectrum Disorder
  10. Cerebral Palsy
  11. Muscular Dystrophy
  12. Chronic Neurological conditions
  13. Specific Learning Disabilities
  14. Multiple Sclerosis
  15. Speech and Language disability
  16. Thalassemia
  17. Hemophilia
  18. Sickle Cell disease
  19. Multiple Disabilities including deaf blindness
  20. Acid Attack victim
  21. Parkinson’s disease
  • Speech and Language Disability and Specific Learning Disability have been added for the first time. Acid Attack Victims have been included. Dwarfism, muscular dystrophy have has been indicated as separate class of specified disability. The New categories of disabilities also included three blood disorders, Thalassemia, Hemophilia and Sickle Cell disease.
  • In addition, the Government has been authorized to notify any other category of specified disability.
  • Responsibility has been cast upon the appropriate governments to take effective measures to ensure that the persons with disabilities enjoy their rights equally with others.
  • Additional benefits such as reservation in higher education, government jobs, reservation in allocation of land, poverty alleviation schemes etc. have been provided for persons with benchmark disabilities and those with high support needs.
  • Every child with benchmark disability between the age group of 6 and 18 years shall have the right to free education.
  • Government funded educational institutions as well as the government recognized institutions will have to provide inclusive education to the children with disabilities.
  • For strengthening the Prime Minister’s Accessible India Campaign, stress has been given to ensure accessibility in public buildings (both Government and private) in a prescribed time-frame.
  • Reservation in vacancies in government establishments has been increased from 3% to 4% for certain persons or class of persons with benchmark disability.
  • The Bill provides for grant of guardianship by District Court under which there will be joint decision – making between the guardian and the persons with disabilities.
  • Broad based Central & State Advisory Boards on Disability are to be set up to serve as apex policy making bodies at the Central and State level.
  • Office of Chief Commissioner of Persons with Disabilities has been strengthened who will now be assisted by 2 Commissioners and an Advisory Committee comprising of not more than 11 members drawn from experts in various disabilities.
  • Similarly, the office of State Commissioners of Disabilities has been strengthened who will be assisted by an Advisory Committee comprising of not more than 5 members drawn from experts in various disabilities.
  • The Chief Commissioner for Persons with Disabilities and the State Commissioners will act as regulatory bodies and Grievance Redressal agencies and also monitor implementation of the Act.
  • District level committees will be constituted by the State Governments to address local concerns of PW Ds. Details of their constitution and the functions of such committees would be prescribed by the State Governments in the rules.
  • Creation of National and State Fund will be created to provide financial support to the persons with disabilities. The existing National Fund for Persons with Disabilities and the Trust Fund for Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities will be subsumed with the National Fund.
  • The Bill provides for penalties for offences committed against persons with disabilities and also violation of the provisions of the new law.
  • Special Courts will be designated in each district to handle cases concerning violation of rights of PW Ds.
  1. The New Act will bring our law in line with the United National Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), to which India is a signatory. This will fulfill the obligations on the part of India in terms of UNCRD. Further, the new law will not only enhance the Rights and Entitlements of Divyangjan but also provide effective mechanism for ensuring their empowerment and true inclusion into the Society in a satisfactory manner.

Rights of persons with disabilities:

  • Persons with disabilities shall not be discriminated on grounds of their disability unless it is shown that the specific act is appropriate to achieve a legitimate aim. Persons with disabilities shall have the right to equality, personal liberty and to live in a community. They will not be obliged to live in any specific arrangement and shall have access to residential services and community support.
  • The Election Commission (Centre and state) has to ensure that polling stations and all electoral materials are accessible to persons with disabilities. Central and state governments have to ensure that all public documents are in accessible formats.
  • The Disaster Management Authority (Centre and state) will take necessary steps to include disabled persons in its disaster management activities for their safety and protection. Special provisions for persons with benchmark disabilities
  • Education: Children between the ages of six to 18 years, with a benchmark disability, have the right to free education in a neighborhood school or special school if required. All government and government aided institutions of higher education are required to reserve at least five per cent of seats for persons with benchmark disabilities. For admission in higher education institutions, they will be allowed relaxation in the upper age limit, by five years.
  • Employment: Five per cent of government owned or controlled establishments shall be reserved for persons with benchmark disabilities. One per cent of this must be reserved for persons with (i) blindness and low vision; (ii) hearing and speech impairment; (iii) locomotors disability; (iv) autism, intellectual disability and mental illness; (v) multiple disabilities. The government may exempt any establishment from this provision.
  • The central, state and local governments shall provide incentives to the private sector to ensure that at least five per cent of their work force is composed of persons with benchmark disability.

Five per cent reservation to be provided for persons with benchmark disabilities in (i) allotment of agricultural land and housing in all relevant schemes and programs; (ii) poverty alleviation schemes (with priority to women with benchmark disabilities); and (iii) allotment of land on concessional rate for purposes of business, enterprise, etc.

 Guardianship of mentally ill persons:

  • If a district court determines that a mentally ill person is unable to take care of him or of taking legally binding decisions, it may assign limited guardianship for such a person. A limited guardian will take joint decisions with the mentally ill person.
  • In extraordinary situations, where limited guardianship cannot be awarded, the district court can award plenary guardianship where the guardian takes legally binding decisions for the mentally ill person. The guardian need not consult with, or determine the will or preference of the mentally ill person.

Authorities established under the Bill:

  • National and State Commissions for persons with disabilities: The central government shall constitute a National Commission, and state governments shall constitute a State Commission each, for disabled persons.

The Commissions will be required to: (i) identify any laws, policies or programs that are inconsistent with the Act; (ii) inquire into matters relating to deprivation of rights and safeguards available to disabled persons and recommend appropriate remedial measures; (iii) monitor implementation of the Act and utilization of funds disbursed by governments for the benefit of disabled persons, etc.

  • Central and State Advisory Boards on disability: The central government shall constitute a Central Advisory Board, and state governments shall constitute a State Advisory Board each, for disability matters. State governments shall also constitute District-Level Committees.

The functions of these advisory boards will include: (i) advising the government on policies and programs with respect to disability; (ii) developing a national/state policy concerning persons with disabilities; (iii) recommending steps to ensure accessibility, reasonable accommodation, non-discrimination, etc.

Offences and penalties:

  • Any person, who violates provisions of the Act, or any rule or regulation made under it, shall be punishable with imprisonment up to six months and/or a fine of Rs. 10,000, or both. For any subsequent violation, imprisonment of up to two years and/or a fine of Rs. 50,000 to Rs. five lakh can be awarded.
  • Whoever intentionally insults or intimidates a person with disability, or sexually exploits a woman or child with disability, shall be punishable with imprisonment between six months to five years and fine.
  • State governments shall notify a Sessions Court to be a Special Court, in each district, to try offences under the Act. This shall be done with the concurrence of the Chief Justices of the relevant High Courts.

References:

http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=155592

http://www.prsindia.org/uploads/media/Person%20with%20Disabilities/Legislative%20Brief%20%20-%20Disabilities%202014.pdf

 

 

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